Western Civilization 201

November 20th, 2019 Japan's Aging Crisis The two fundamental aspects of Japan's aging crisis are the increase in the proportion of the elderly in the total population and slower growth of the population caused by the country's declining fertility rate. By 2030 one in every three people in Japan will be aged 65+. Japan's aging population has had a direct economic impact on the country's labor force, which has been significantly reduced. The Japanese government has made preschool education free and has created an amendment to their immigration control law. They have also come up with the idea to make Japan an "age-free society," but this has not gone into effect yet. 

November 18, 2019 The Theory of Population The general nature of all animated life is to increase beyond the nourishment provided for it. The positive checks to population are extremely various, and include every cause, whether arising fro m vice or  misery, which in any degree contributes to shorten the natural duration of  human life.  But as, by that law of our nature which makes food necessary to the life of man, population can never actually increase beyond the lowest nourishment capable of supporting it , a  strong check on population, namely, the difficulty of acquiring food, must be constantly in operation. The checks may be classed under two general heads—the preventative and the positive.The preventative check, peculiar to man, arises from his reasoning faculties, which enable him to calculate distant consequences. He sees the distress which frequently presses upon those who have large families; he cannot contemplate his present possessions or earnings, and calcu

November 14th, 2019 The One Child Policy            1. The one-child policy was an official program initiated in the late 1970s and early ’80s by the central government of China, the purpose of which was to limit the great majority of family units in the country to one child each.   2. The program was implemented on September 25, 1980, by the central government of China.   3. The program was enforced by making contraceptive methods more available, enforcing abortions and sterilizations, and imposing penalties against those who violated the policy. Other ways included offering financial aid and preferred employment opportunities for those who followed the policy. Some exceptions were for parents within some minority ethnic groups or those who had a handicapped firstborn.  4.      1. The country's overall sex ratio became skewed towards males. During this time, many female fetuses were aborted because males were the preferred sex. Many girls were put into orphana

November 13, 2019 The Global Fertility Crash           To maintain a stable population, women need to give birth to at least 2 children. The average fertility rate in 2017 was 2.43 live births per woman. The world economy needs population growth to have more people to produce and buy products, which gives governments more money. Sometimes governments try to regulate population growth when a country's fertility rate is too high. An example of this is China's one-child policy, which only allows one child per family.            Woman's earnings in most countries are less than 2/3 of men's, and only 53% of women are in the workforce. In 1945 women in France won suffrage. Today in France, women's earnings are 72% of men's, and 99% of women are literate. Celine Grislain is a French woman who works at the Ministry of Health in Paris. She has three children, ages 5, 3, and 1. “Having children forces you to be more efficient. Before having children, I would often s

November 12, 2019 Video Notes  ➤    In 10,000 BC, the estimated world population was 10 million, which is about the population of                      Sweden. ➤    By 1800 the world population was 1 billion. ➤    In 1900 the population rose to 2 billion, and by 2000 it was 7 billion ➤    Throughout the years as fertility rates have gone down, life spans have extended. ➤    Women have an average of 2.5 children. ➤    80% of adults in the world are literate. ➤    The larger a person's income, the longer their lifespan is.

1. Somalia                  16. Zambia                                                   32. Mali                               47. Tunisia 2. Ethiopia                  17. Zimbabwe                                              33. Burkina Faso                 48. Malawi 3. Kenya                     18. Libya                                                      34. Ghana                           49. Guinea 4. Madagascar            19. Chad                                                       35. Togo                             50. Comoros 5. Tanzania                 20. Central African Republic                       36. Benin                            51. Sao Tome and Principe 6. Mozambique          21. Democratic Republic of the Congo        37. Morocco                       52. Côte d'Ivoire 7. Eswatini                 22. Angola                                                    38. Western Sahara 8. Lesotho                  23. Namibia                    

November 1st, 2019 Introduction to Population           Population  is the size and distribution of the Earth's human population in certain places.  Demography  is the social science that studies the statics of the human population. Demographers use different terms to show how the population changes.  Rate of Natural  Increase (RNI or NIR)  is the annual growth rate of a country.  Crude Birth Rate (CBR)  is the number of births per 1,000 people in that country.  Crude Death Rate (CDR)  is the number of deaths per 1,000 persons. Demographers are able to find the RNI of a country by subtracting the CBR from the CDR. RNI is important because it gives demographers an idea of how much a country's population is growing.  The Demographic Transition  is a model that tracks the changes in birth and death rates for a country or region over time.  Total Fertility Rate (TFR)  is the average number of children born per woman during her reproductive years (ages 15 -45).  Life Expectancy