Western Civilization Blog Post #27

March 11th, 2020

Video Notes

Episode 2


  • In 490 B.C., a citizen of Athens, named Pheidippides, ran 140 miles in two days because his home was about to be taken over by the Persians
  • He the inspiration for our modern-day marathons 
  • In the early fifth century B.C., the Persians had the greatest power in the world 
  • Darius was the Persian king and was known to the Greeks only as "The Great King" 
  • The Greeks and Persians had differing cultures; the Greeks emphasize freedom, while the Persians focus on obedience
  • The Persian army made it to a bay called Marathon which was 26 miles from Athens
  • Athens did not have an army, meaning every male citizen would have to defend the city. 
  • Poor citizens had spears, stakes, bows, and arrows; mostly scavenging for any weapon they could find
  • The hoplites, the main force of Athens, were men who could afford heavy bronze armor, shields, spears, and swords
  • Athens was outnumbered on the battlefield 2-1
  • Pheidippides’ plea for help was refused
  • 6,000 Persians were killed in one day by the Athenians
  • Themistocles came up with an idea to use triremes in their next battle strategy 
  • The Greek state of Corinth, the ancient world’s finest shipbuilders, had made the weapon 
  • The triremes consisted of three levels of stacked oarsmen
  • The Persian king Darius died in 486 B.C., and his son Xerxes obtained the throne.
  •  Xerxes’ wanted to get revenge for the Persian's defeat 
  • In the spring of 480 B.C., the Persian army had set out for Greece, the troops drank rivers dry, trampled fields, and ravaged the land as they marched towards Greece
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