Western Civilization 201

May 28th, 2020 Slideshow Notes Octavian, Julius Caesar's grandnephew, takes over at the young age of 18 He creates the Second Triumvirate with: Mark Antony - a general Lepidus - a politician Octavian forces Lepidus to retire Octavian and Mark Antony become enemies Mark Antony makes an alliance with Cleopatra Octavian defeats the alliance at the Battle of Actium Octavian is given the title of "Augustus" and "imperator" "Augustus" - "Exalted one" "imperator" - supreme military commander The Roman republic has now become an empire Octavian ruled as emperor from 27 B.C. to 14 A.D. (40 years) He began the Pax Romana , an era of peace and prosperity which lasted from 27 B.C. to 180 A.D. (207 years) He died of natural causes An age of emperors emerged after Octavian's death Tiberius 14 A.D. to 37 A.D. good general; not so good emperor after his son's death, he left Rome, leaving his prefects in char

May 26th, 2020 Test and Slideshow Notes I will be taking my test on Tuesday, June 2nd from 8:55am to 9:45am.  poet Juvenal "Rome anxiously hopes for two things: bread (free grain from the state) and circuses (entertainment) Julius Caesar 100 - 44 B.C. successful general; conquered much of Gaul made commoners happy formed the First Triumvirate with Pompey (a general who conquered Syria and Palestine) and Crassus (the richest man in Rome)  served as consul appoints himself as governer of Gaul becomes enemies with Pompey in 44 B.C. is named dictator gave citizenship to those in provinces created jobs for the poor as well as increasing pay for soldiers the senators stabbed Caesar 23 times because they were scared of his rise in power this ended the Roman republic 

May 20, 2020 Essay Question For my Rome essay, I chose to write about the topic of the fall of the Roman Republic and its contributing factors. 

May 18th, 2020 Terms Civil War - the conflict between groups within the same country Julius Caesar - a well-known military leader that was a genius at military strategy Triumvirate - a group of three rulers Augustus - "exalted one" Pax Romana - "Roman peace" Textbook Notes As the empire grew, a large gap was created between the commoners and the wealthy.  Rome's rich landowners had estates filled with thousands of slaves captured from various wars. By 100 B.C. slaves were 1/3 of Rome's population. Small farmers sold their land to large estates and became a part of the urban poor. The urban poor made up 1/4 of the population of Rome.  Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus two brothers who tried to help the poor in Rome. they were tribunes  tried to limit the size of estates to give land to the poor made enemies with multiple senators Tiberius died in 133 B.C. Gaius died in 121c B.C. In 60 B.C. Julius Caesar joins forces with Crassu

May 14th, 2020 Rome Slideshow The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought from 264 B.C. to 146 B.C. between the cities of Rome and Carthage. The wars were started because both sides wanted control. Rome had an army of 5000 armed men with horses, swords, shields, daggers, and armor. The First Punic War was fought on the island of Sicily in which Rome won. The Second Punic War was fought in and around Rome. Carthage's attack was launched by general Hannibal who ambushed Rome from the North after crossing Iberia and the Alps. After fifteen years, Hannibal never accomplished taking over Rome. The Third Punic War was fought when Rome wanted to destroy Carthage for good. The city of Carthage was burned for seventeen days until everything inside of its walls was burned to nothing. After the war, the remaining 50,000 citizens of Carthage were sold as slaves. 

May 12th, 2020 Rome Slideshow After the rule of Tarquin, Rome decided to abolish the rule of kings as a whole. All of Rome had a traumatizing experience during his time and eventually ostracized him and his entire family out of Rome. Within the royal family, many were assainated so certain individuals could remain in power. Servius Tullias was named the new king of Rome after the fifth king's death. Servius Tullias' two daughters married two brothers, one of which was Tarquin. Tullia, one of Servius' daughters, killed her husband and her sister in order to marry Tarquin. Soon enough, Tarquin declares himself king as he sits on the throne. When Servius denies this, he is thrown into the streets and assainated. Tarquin sends his wife home for safety and as she is traveling home, she runs over her father's corpse with the chariot. Servius Tullias' body was never buried by demand of Tarquin. Any senator who objected to this was assainated. Tarquin's son, Sextus

May 8th, 2020 Rome Slideshow Notes The Etruscans, the Greeks, and the Latins all settled in Rome. The Etruscans They came from the north-central part of Rome. They had specialized workers in the metal, art, and architecture departments. They created the myths of Virgil's Aeneid and the story of Remus and Romulus. The Greeks As learned about in the previous chapter, the Greeks had many cities throughout the Mediterranean Sea. The Romans stole many ideas from the Greeks including: religious belifs alphabet many of their art forms military techniques and art forms The Latins They were descendants of Indo-Europeans. They settled into the banks of the Tiber. They were located in a place where their trading ships could reach Rome, but no further. They were a commerical port that was not susceptible to attacks They were built on seven hills Many streams were flowing into the Tiber during this time The Forum was a marshy area between Palatine and Capitoline

May 7th, 2020 Chi Cago's Rome Rap My first main reaction was that I was shocked. Then I started to giggle, which later turned into loud and obnoxious laughing. I'd like to thank Mr. Schick for giving me some joy during quaratine.

May 4th, 2020 The Twelve Tables The Twelve Tables were twelve tablets hung in the forum that contained the basic laws of Rome. They were written by ten officials in 451 B.C. The laws were made in favor of the plebians because the patricians were overpowering them with their high positions. Before the creation of the Twelve Tables, there was a conflict called the conflict of the orders. The plebians decided to put pressure on the patricians by doing a huge public protest where they left the city of Rome and refused to bear arms during the war. By doing this, the tribune of the plebians was formed. The tribune of the plebs was a government position only accessible by plebians. They were able to propose legislation, intervene legally, and veto magistrates. The next action of the tribune of plebs was to make sure the laws were written down. Roman laws contained three things: the preamble, the main text, and the sanctio. 

May 1st, 2020 Ancient Rome Architectural Landmark The Roman Forum The ancient ruins of the Roman Forum look run-down. Many of the walls and pillars have fallen and collapsed. On the bottom left of this picture, you can see pieces of the broken pillars. On the right side, it looks as if there is a crumbled wall.