Western Civilization Blog post #51 - Rome

May 18th, 2020

Terms

Civil War - the conflict between groups within the same country
Julius Caesar - a well-known military leader that was a genius at military strategy
Triumvirate - a group of three rulers
Augustus - "exalted one"
Pax Romana - "Roman peace"

Textbook Notes

  • As the empire grew, a large gap was created between the commoners and the wealthy. 
  • Rome's rich landowners had estates filled with thousands of slaves captured from various wars.
  • By 100 B.C. slaves were 1/3 of Rome's population.
  • Small farmers sold their land to large estates and became a part of the urban poor.
  • The urban poor made up 1/4 of the population of Rome. 
  • Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
    • two brothers who tried to help the poor in Rome.
    • they were tribunes 
    • tried to limit the size of estates to give land to the poor
    • made enemies with multiple senators
    • Tiberius died in 133 B.C.
    • Gaius died in 121c B.C.
  • In 60 B.C. Julius Caesar joins forces with Crassus
  • Caesar gets elected as a consul in 59 B.C.
  • Caesar becomes an absolute ruler with absolute power
  • After Caesar's death, another civil war broke out
  • No more Roman Republic
  • Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus became the Second Triumvirate
  • Octavian forced Lepidus to retire
  • Mark Antony fell in love with Cleopatra and moved to Egypt
  • Octavian became the ruler of Rome

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